BIOTEC in Thailand provide an update on their research into “Perceptions and Attitudes towards Fish Vaccination in Thailand”

Vaccination is a key strategy for promoting animal health and welfare, not only by preventing diseases but also by reducing the need for antibiotics, which can have negative impacts on humans, animals, and the environment. While vaccines play a vital role in public and animal health—particularly for companion animals (pets) and in terrestrial farming—the concept of fish vaccination is not as widely known among fish farmers in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This raises important questions: Are people aware that vaccines exist and are applicable to fish? What are the perceptions of those in the Thai aquaculture industry regarding fish vaccination?

To answer these questions, our project conducted a survey using online questionnaires and in-person interviews with approximately 500 individuals working in or involved with the fish aquaculture sector in Thailand from June to August 2024. This group included fish farm personnel, government personnel, fish farm supply shops, academics, and students.

Key findings and opportunities for fish vaccination

The survey revealed that out of 229 fish farm personnel, over 70% were aware of the frequent use of antibiotics for disease management, and 60% recognized the issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While all farm personnel knew about human vaccines, only about 60% knew that fish vaccines exist. Those who were aware of fish vaccines primarily received information from sources such as social media, fish associations, academics, and retailers.

When it came to the interest in adopting fish vaccines among farm personnel, responses were mixed: 12% expressed no interest, 44% were interested, and another 44% were uncertain. Further analysis is ongoing to consider variables such as farm size, types of fish raised, etc. The primary factors driving hesitation were concerns about vaccine effectiveness and cost. Additionally, many pointed out that antibiotics are easier to obtain than vaccines.

Conclusions

While fish farm personnel are generally aware of human vaccines, the idea of vaccinating fish still needs more targeted promotion. Despite some awareness of AMR, antibiotics remain a common choice for treating diseases. To increase vaccine adoption, it is essential to address concerns about vaccine effectiveness, cost, and accessibility Highlighting the clear benefits of vaccination—such as improved disease control, reduced antibiotic use, and enhanced fish welfare—can support a shift towards more sustainable disease management practices in aquaculture.